土工膜生产及施工阶段的质量控制措施

虽然土工(gong)膜(mo)具有延展性强(qiang)、适应变(bian)形(xing)能(neng)(neng)力高、耐(nai)腐(fu)蚀(shi)、耐(nai)低温、抗冻性能(neng)(neng)好等优点，但其质(zhi)量的好坏仍(reng)然会影响(xiang)渗(shen)透情况，进(jin)而威胁(xie)周围(wei)的土壤以(yi)及地下水的清洁状况，甚至有可能(neng)(neng)影响(xiang)填埋场的使用寿命。因此(ci)，不管(guan)是在生产还是施工(gong)阶(jie)段，都需要采取必要措施来(lai)提升土工(gong)膜(mo)的质(zhi)量，从而为垃(la)圾填埋场的高质(zhi)量建(jian)设奠定良好的

基础。然而，土工膜的(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)久性(xing)是(shi)影响其质(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)一(yi)个(ge)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)因素(su)。土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)久性(xing)包括许多方面(mian):抗紫(zi)外(wai)(wai)线辐射、温度(du)变(bian)化(hua)、化(hua)学和(he)(he)生(sheng)物(wu)侵(qin)蚀、水解作用、机械磨损等。在(zai)本工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)案例(li)中，化(hua)学和(he)(he)生(sheng)物(wu)入侵(qin)是(shi)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)耐(nai)(nai)久性(xing)判(pan)断(duan)的(de)(de)首要(yao)(yao)(yao)指(zhi)标。目前(qian)，我(wo)们(men)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)根据(ju)监(jian)测数(shu)据(ju)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)全面(mian)、系统、深入的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)耐(nai)(nai)久性(xing)检(jian)测，即通过模拟不同(tong)因素(su)影响下土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)久性(xing)对(dui)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)质(zhi)量(liang)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)分类。此外(wai)(wai)，土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)也对(dui)质(zhi)量(liang)造成(cheng)影响。目前(qian)我(wo)国在(zai)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)时选(xuan)用的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有两种，分别为聚乙烯和(he)(he)聚氯乙烯。本工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)案例(li)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)采用高(gao)密度(du)聚乙烯作为土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)。下面(mian)分别从施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)准备和(he)(he)具体施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)两个(ge)层面(mian)详细介(jie)绍土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)质(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)措施(shi)。

土工膜本身的生产质量将对其施工效果产生重要影响。考虑到本工程案例的特殊性，为防止土工膜生产质量对垃圾填埋场功能造成影响，施工方选择了信誉较好的商家进行供货以完全确保土工膜的生产质量。在土工膜进场前，对高密度聚乙烯树脂材料进行了严格检测并要求厂家在供货时提供合格证以及使用说明书。除此以外，采购人员也对厂家提供的土工膜材料进行详细的外观检查，避免出现针眼等明显的缺陷问题，同时也要确保土工膜在使用期限范围以内，防止过期产品进入施工场地。经检验各项指标均达到设计标准和使用要求以后方可进入库房。为进一步提升土工膜质量的可靠性，施工人员特别制定了详细方案对库房中的材料进行抽样检查，即对其性能进行更加详细的检测并做好检测过程和结果的记录工作。最后，施工人员还针对土工膜开展了小范围的现场试验工作，在其达到要求后才进行大范围施工。

一(yi)般而(er)言(yan)土工膜材质相对紧凑，具备一(yi)定的(de)抗破损性能(neng)，但(dan)是如果(guo)遇到尖锐(rui)物体仍然会(hui)被戳(chuo)破，从而(er)影响其防渗透(tou)性。因此(ci)，土工膜在生产、运(yun)输、搬运(yun)过程中必(bi)

须十(shi)分(fen)小心(xin)，避免(mian)与其他尖锐物(wu)体发(fa)生碰撞(zhuang)接触。另(ling)外，待(dai)铺设的垃圾填埋场场地不平整，不仅(jin)会增加土工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)过程(cheng)的难度，也会制约施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)质量的提升。由于本案(an)例山谷(gu)地形(xing)的特殊(shu)性(xing)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方在(zai)对土工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)进(jin)行正式施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前对场地进(jin)行了平整处理(li)，以确保其平整度达到(dao)相关规范标准后再进(jin)行土工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序。

土工(gong)(gong)膜在具体剪裁操作过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中需要充分结合现场情况并在完成裁剪工(gong)(gong)作后(hou)将其卷起待用。本案例(li)的(de)土工(gong)(gong)膜宽度设置(zhi)在6m～8m范围内，在铺设过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中预留了约

10cm的(de)宽度进行焊接。